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1.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(2): 139-145, mar./abr. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-209192

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. Resultados: Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. Conclusiones: Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria. (AU)


Objective: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. Method: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. Results: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Quarentena , Doença Crônica , Autocuidado , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Grupos Focais
2.
Gac Sanit ; 36(2): 139-145, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33342601

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. RESULTS: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-196556

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. RESULTADOS: Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. CONCLUSIONES: Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria


OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. RESULTS: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Pandemias , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Quarentena/psicologia , Doença Crônica/psicologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa
5.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 26(5): 450-456, sept.-oct. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-102862

RESUMO

Objetivo Identificar los atributos con los cuales los/las pacientes crónicos/as atendidos/as en el Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía (SSPA) describen la competencia profesional del personal facultativo que les atiende a lo largo de su proceso asistencial. Métodos 147 pacientes crónicos de diferentes procesos asistenciales y sus familiares. Investigación cualitativa con grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad, realizadas en centros de salud y consultas externas de Granada, Málaga, Sevilla, Cádiz y Córdoba, entre 2007 y 2008. Análisis de contenido con Nudist Vivo. Resultados Las personas participantes definen la competencia médica enlazando elementos de habilidad y conocimientos técnicos (tener conocimientos e interés por la enfermedad, mantener una continuidad en la atención mediante seguimientos correctos o solicitar las pruebas precisas) con otros relacionales, tanto sobre comunicación e información (informar, escuchar, confiar, estimular las preguntas) como sobre trato (humanidad, amabilidad, respeto, interés, cercanía). En la valoración de la asistencia en atención primaria, las expectativas incluyen relación cercana, trato personalizado, información, gestión de recetas y baja laboral, y derivación al/a la especialista. Sobre las consultas de especialidad destaca acertar diagnóstico y tratamiento, informar y hacer un seguimiento del/de la paciente. En el servicio de urgencias se valoran especialmente el alivio de los síntomas, acertar el diagnóstico, ser derivado al/a la especialista y recibir un trato humano. Conclusiones Las necesidades y las expectativas de los/as pacientes crónicos/as hacia la competencia médica se organizan en torno a habilidades técnicas y relacionales (AU)


Objective To identify the attributes used by chronically-ill patients to describe physicians’ competence in the public healthcare system in Andalucia. Methods A total of 147 chronically-ill patients and their relatives were included in this qualitative study. Focal groups and in-depth interviews were performed in health centers and outpatient centers in Granada, Malaga, Seville, Cadiz and Cordoba between 2007 and 2008. Content analysis was carried out using Nudist Vivo. Results The participants defined medical competence as combining elements of technical ability and knowledge (awareness of and interest in the disease, continuity of follow-up and requesting specific tests) with interpersonal skills related to communication, information (informing, listening, trust, prompting questions) and attention (courtesy, cordiality, respect, interest and approachability). Primary care was expected to provide a close relationship, personalized treatment, information, drug prescription, and referral to specialized care. Specialized care was expected to provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, information and follow-up. Highly valued aspects of emergency care were symptom relief, accurate diagnosis, referral to specialists and courtesy. Conclusions Chronically-ill patients based their evaluation of medical competence on technical and interpersonal skills (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Competência Profissional , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Satisfação do Paciente , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Relações Médico-Paciente , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia
6.
Gac Sanit ; 26(5): 450-6, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22560239

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the attributes used by chronically-ill patients to describe physicians' competence in the public healthcare system in Andalucia. METHODS: A total of 147 chronically-ill patients and their relatives were included in this qualitative study. Focal groups and in-depth interviews were performed in health centers and outpatient centers in Granada, Malaga, Seville, Cadiz and Cordoba between 2007 and 2008. Content analysis was carried out using Nudist Vivo. RESULTS: The participants defined medical competence as combining elements of technical ability and knowledge (awareness of and interest in the disease, continuity of follow-up and requesting specific tests) with interpersonal skills related to communication, information (informing, listening, trust, prompting questions) and attention (courtesy, cordiality, respect, interest and approachability). Primary care was expected to provide a close relationship, personalized treatment, information, drug prescription, and referral to specialized care. Specialized care was expected to provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, information and follow-up. Highly valued aspects of emergency care were symptom relief, accurate diagnosis, referral to specialists and courtesy. CONCLUSIONS: Chronically-ill patients based their evaluation of medical competence on technical and interpersonal skills.


Assuntos
Doença Crônica , Competência Clínica , Satisfação do Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atenção à Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Terminologia como Assunto , Adulto Jovem
7.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 42(1): 22-27, ene. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-81233

RESUMO

ObjetivoAnalizar la opinión y las expectativas de los pacientes y de los profesionales sobre la información contenida en los prospectos de los medicamentos y conocer la legibilidad lingüística formal de los medicamentos más consumidos durante el año 2003.DiseñoEstudio cualitativo y cuantitativo.EmplazamientoCentros de Atención Primaria y Especializada de Andalucía, Cataluña, País Vasco, Navarra, Aragón y Extremadura.ParticipantesPacientes de centros de salud, profesionales expertos, médicos especialistas y farmacéuticos, representantes de asociaciones de usuarios(as), elegidos por muestreo intencional.Las mediciones y resultados principales se basan en entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. Estudio de legibilidad mediante el test de Flesch.Mediciones y resultados principalesEntre profesionales y pacientes hay diferentes grados de satisfacción respecto a la cantidad y a la calidad del prospecto. Destacan las deficiencias de usar un lenguaje técnico y con un tamaño de letra demasiado pequeño. Los profesionales otorgan al prospecto gran importancia divulgativa, mientras que los pacientes lo usan como fuente de información complementaria. Los expertos y los usuarios coinciden en considerar más difíciles de entender los apartados referidos a la posología, a los efectos secundarios y a las contraindicaciones. Los prospectos tienen un grado de legibilidad insuficiente(AU)


ConclusionesEs deseable que la información sanitaria se centre en los aspectos prácticos del proceso de salud, enfermedad y atención, mediante la adaptación del contenido y la forma de los prospectos a los usuarios y a los profesionales que manifiestan estas necesidades. El personal facultativo es el principal referente de la información en salud, por lo que es aconsejable su formación en habilidades de comunicación. Además, se recomienda reforzar cauces alternativos que ofrezcan a la ciudadanía información sanitaria de calidad(AU)


ObjectiveTo report on patient and professional opinions and expectations concerning the information included in drug package leaflets and to determine their readability.DesignQualitative and quantitative study.PlacementPrimary Care and Specialized Centres from Andalusia, Catalonia, Basque Country, Navarra, Aragon and Extremadura.ParticipantsPatients from Primary Care Health Centers, physicians, pharmacists and citizen associations, using intentional sampling.MethodQualitative interviews. Flesch Readability Test is used to determine the leaflet readability.ResultsThere are different degrees of satisfaction between professionals and patients, concerning both quality and quantity of information leaflets. The use of technical language and a small lettering size was observed. The leaflet is considered an important source of information among professionals, but not among patients who prefer information from their physicians. The greatest comprehension difficulties appear in paragraphs on posology, secondary and adverse effects.ConclusionsHealth information must centre on practical aspects of the health-illness-care process. Leaflets must be adapted to the needs of the patients and professionals. Physicians are commonly consulted by patients, so it is important to ensure they have high communication skills. Patients have the need for constant information; therefore new information channels must be created(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Bulas de Medicamentos , Rotulagem de Medicamentos/normas , Acesso à Informação , Relações Médico-Paciente
8.
Aten Primaria ; 42(1): 22-7, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19632005

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To report on patient and professional opinions and expectations concerning the information included in drug package leaflets and to determine their readability. DESIGN: Qualitative and quantitative study. PLACEMENT: Primary Care and Specialized Centres from Andalusia, Catalonia, Basque Country, Navarra, Aragon and Extremadura. PARTICIPANTS: Patients from Primary Care Health Centers, physicians, pharmacists and citizen associations, using intentional sampling. METHOD: Qualitative interviews. Flesch Readability Test is used to determine the leaflet readability. RESULTS: There are different degrees of satisfaction between professionals and patients, concerning both quality and quantity of information leaflets. The use of technical language and a small lettering size was observed. The leaflet is considered an important source of information among professionals, but not among patients who prefer information from their physicians. The greatest comprehension difficulties appear in paragraphs on posology, secondary and adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Health information must centre on practical aspects of the health-illness-care process. Leaflets must be adapted to the needs of the patients and professionals. Physicians are commonly consulted by patients, so it is important to ensure they have high communication skills. Patients have the need for constant information; therefore new information channels must be created.


Assuntos
Rotulagem de Medicamentos , Pessoal de Saúde , Satisfação no Emprego , Satisfação do Paciente , Humanos
9.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 82(5): 559-66, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19039508

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The manufacturers of medicinal products are responsible for providing consumers proper information on the use of such products. This information is set out in the package leaflets which, according to current legislation, must be easy for patients to read and understand. The purpose of this study is to analyse the linguistic/grammatical readability of the package leaflets of medicinal products through application of the Flesch formula. METHODS: The 30 medicinal products most widely consumed and the 30 which generated the highest expenditure during 2005 in Spain were selected. In line with the recommendations of the relevant literature, documents with a Flesch Index value of > or = 10 were considered readable. The grammatical readability was calculated by using the Flesch Index accessible through the Microsoft Office 2000 programme. RESULTS: Only 5 documents obtained an acceptable Flesch Index score (= 10), while 18 scored 0. Half of the values were under 2; 25% were 0 and 25% scored 6 or more. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained reveal a low level of linguistic and grammatical readability in the package leaflets analysed. The syntax used on drafting the texts tends to use long words.


Assuntos
Rotulagem de Medicamentos/normas , Linguística , Uso de Medicamentos/economia , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha
10.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 82(5): 556-566, sept.-oct. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-126652

RESUMO

Fundamento. Los fabricantes de medicamentos tienen el deber de proporcionar a los consumidores información correcta sobre su uso. Esta información está recogida en el prospecto que, según la normativa vigente, debe ser legible y comprensible para el paciente. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la legibilidad lingüística gramatical de los prospectos de medicamentos mediante la aplicación de la fórmula de Flesch. Métodos. Se seleccionan las 30 medicamentos más consumidos y los 30 que más gasto han generado durante el año 2005 en España. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la literatura, se han considerado legibles aquellos documentos cuyo Índice de Flesch fuese ≥ 10. Se ha calculado la legibilidad gramatical a través del Índice de Flesch accesible en el programa Microsoft Office 2000. Resultados. Sólo 5 documentos alcanzan un índice de Flesch aceptable (= 10) y 18 tienen una puntuación de 0. La mitad de los valores si sitúan por debajo de 2; 25% de los valores tienen valor 0 y 25% tiene valores de 6 ó más. Conclusiones. Los datos obtenidos revelan una baja legibilidad lingüística y gramatical de los prospectos analizados. La sintaxis empleada al redactarlos tiende a usar frases y palabras largas, lo que incumple claramente las indicaciones de la normativa vigente (AU)


Background. The manufacturers of medicinal products are responsible for providing consumers proper information on the use of such products. This information is set out in the package leaflets which, according to current legislation, must be easy for patients to read and understand. The purpose of this study is to analyse the linguistic/grammatical readability of the package leaflets of medicinal products through application of the Flesch formula. Methods. The 30 medicinal products most widely consumed and the 30 which generated the highest expenditure during 2005 in Spain were selected. In line with the recommendations of the relevant literature, documents with a Flesch Index value of ≥ 10 were considered readable. The grammatical readability was calculated by using the Flesch Index accessible through the Microsoft Office 2000 programme. Results. Only 5 documents obtained an acceptable Flesch Index score (= 10), while 18 scored 0. Half of the values were under 2; 25% were 0 and 25% scored 6 or more. Conclusions. The data obtained reveal a low level of linguistic and grammatical readability in the package leaflets analysed. The syntax used on drafting the texts tends to use long words (AU)


Assuntos
Bulas de Medicamentos , Compreensão , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Uso de Medicamentos , Saúde Pública/métodos , Espanha/epidemiologia
11.
Rev. calid. asist ; 23(3): 101-108, mayo 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-66317

RESUMO

Fundamento: La necesidad de información en salud está ampliamente reconocida. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cómo se recibe y cómo se valora la información sanitaria que se obtiene actualmente, y explorar en la identificación de necesidades y expectativasde la ciudadanía andaluza sobre este tema.Material y método: Metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas por teléfono. Se realizaron 48 entrevistas con personas que responden a diferentes perfiles teóricos sociosanitariosa partir de una muestra estructural. La selección finalde las personas a entrevistar se formalizó siguiendo el muestreo de “bola de nieve”. Se realizó un análisis de contenido apoyado del programa informático NUDIST Vivo versión 1.1.Resultados: Las personas entrevistadas manifiestan recibir información sanitaria principalmente del personal sanitario. También señalan hacer uso de otras fuentes de información de manera complementaria,como internet, publicaciones y asociaciones. Haydiferentes grados de satisfacción respecto de la información sanitaria recibida según el grado de comprensión y profundidad que ésta aporte. Se pretende recibir toda la información posible relacionadacon el proceso de salud-enfermedad-atención, así como que esta información sea transmitida principalmente por profesionales de la medicina.Conclusiones: Es deseable que la información sanitaria se centre enlos aspectos prácticos del proceso salud-enfermedad-atención. El personal facultativo es el principal referente de información en salud, por lo que es aconsejable la promoción de actividades formativasen habilidades de comunicación en este grupo profesional. Además, se recomienda reforzar cauces alternativos que ofrezcan a la ciudadanía información sanitaria de calidad (AU)


Background: Patients' need for health information is widely recognized. The aim of this study was to determine how patients currently receive and rate this information. Additionally, we aimed to identifythe needs and expectations of citizens of the autonomous region of Andalusia in this regard. Material and method: We performed a qualitative research study involving semi-structured telephone interviews with participants. A total of 48 interviews were performed in people with different social and health profiles from a structural sample. The final selection of persons to be interviewed was made using the snow-ball sampling method. Interview material was analyzed by means of NUDIST vivo 1.1 software-aided content analysis.Results: The interviewees reported receiving health information mainly from healthcare personnel. Supplementary information sources were the internet, associations and publications. The intervieweesexpressed different degrees of satisfaction with the health information received, depending on its understandability and the amount of detail provided. The persons interviewed reported that they would like to receive all the information possible on their health-illness-care process and would prefer this information to come mainly from physicians.Conclusions: Information about the health-illness-care process should center on practical issues. Physicians are the first and principal source of medical information and consequently communicationskills should be promoted in this collective through training courses. Additionally, alternative sources of information used by citizens should be strengthened to provide high-quality health information (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Acesso à Informação , Relações Médico-Paciente , Direitos do Paciente/tendências , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde , Sistemas de Informação Hospitalar , Serviços de Informação
12.
Index enferm ; 16(57): 9-12, jun. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-65160

RESUMO

Introducción: El objeto de este artículo es narrar el proceso de acción-participación llevado a cabo durante los años 2002 y 2004 entre enfermeras y enfermeros del Hospital Reina Sofía (HURS) de Córdoba como entrenamiento para realizar la Entrevista Clínica de Valoración Inicial (ECVI). Metodología: El proceso se llevó a cabo mediante talleres de entrenamiento en los que participaron 430 profesionales de enfermería del HURS. Contenidos principales: reflexionar sobre la importancia y utilidad de la ECVI, entrenar técnicas de entrevista y de comunicación y construir un guión de entrevista. El método de aprendizaje partió de la experiencia y conocimientos de las personas participantes y de la práctica y entrenamiento de los contenidos.Resultados: Se pueden resumir en cinco elementos: 1. Reconocimiento de la utilidad de la ECVI como primer momento del encuentro enfermería-paciente y familia; 2. Importancia del guión como herramienta esencial para realizar una entrevista de calidad 3. Necesidad de preparar la entrevista para que se desarrolle dentro de un marco conceptual de continuidad de cuidados. 4. Utilización de preguntas abiertas para que el paciente sitúe el núcleo de sus preocupaciones; y 5. Necesidad de formar en habilidades de comunicación al personal de enfermería. Conclusiones: La Investigación-Acción-Participación se muestra como una herramienta útil para potenciar y facilitar la adaptación a los nuevos métodos de trabajo. Poder reflexionar en común sobre la importancia de la ECVI y del guión de entrevista como instrumento de trabajo ha sido muy valorado por las personas participantes, quienes afirman unánimemente que, tras los talleres, la ECVI les ha resultado más fácil y productiva


Introduction: The aim of this article is to describe the participative action methodology process undertaken during the years 2002 and 2004, among male and female nurses of the Reina Sofía Hospital in Cordoba (Spain), as part of their training for carrying out the Clinical Interview for First Appraisal. Methodology: The process included training workshops in which 430 professional nurses from the Reina Sofía Hospital took part. Main content: reflecting upon the importance and utility of the interview, practicing interviewing and communication techniques and drafting an interview script. The learning methodology was based on the experience and knowledge of the participants, and on implementation and training in the material. Findings: these can be summed up as follows: 1. Acknowledgement of the utility of the interview as first contact between the nurse, the patient and his relatives. 2. Importance of the script as an essential tool for drafting a quality-based interview. 3. The need to prepare an interview in order to carry it out as part of a care-based conceptual framework. 4. The use of open questions as a tool for focusing on the patient's concerns; and 5. The need to train the nursing staff in communication skills. Conclusions: The Action-Participation-Research is shown to be a useful tool for improving and facilitating the adaptation to new working methods. Being able to reflect together on the importance of the interview and its script, as a working tool, was highly valued by the participants, who unanimously recognise that after the workshops carrying out the Clinical Interview for First Appraisal has been easier and more productive (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodos , Anamnese/métodos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Comunicação , Educação em Enfermagem/métodos
13.
Aten Primaria ; 38(1): 8-15, 2006 Jun 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16790212

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To know the experiences and expectations of diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) patients and their relatives as regards the relationships established with doctors, and the impact of such relationships on their strategies to cope with the disease and treatment. DESIGN: Qualitative design based on focus groups conducted in 2001. LOCATION: Several health care centres in Granada and Seville, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: DM1 patients and their relatives and/or carers. METHOD: Theory-based sampling including the most representative profiles. Qualitative analysis procedure: text coding, triangulation and interpretation of results. RESULTS: Doctor/patient relationship highly influences the emotional experience of disease and the way patients gain control over it. Interviewed patients said that the relationship with doctors is focused on disease signs and symptoms, leaving emotional aspects aside. Very often, provider communication is built on recrimination and threat. Treatment is imposed rather than agreed, with scarce opportunities for participating in clinical decisions. Patients develop strategies to take their own decisions and adapting treatment to their daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Patients value a relationship model whereby providers listen and empathise with their situation, understand their difficulties in treatment compliance, encourage them, and adapt recommendations to the personal and emotional circumstances of each patient. They prefer doctors combining professional competence-including relational skills-with humanity and kindness, as well as being capable of assuming their co-responsibility in treatment success.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/psicologia , Relações Médico-Paciente , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Cooperação do Paciente , Satisfação do Paciente , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Espanha
14.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 38(1): 8-15, jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045984

RESUMO

Objetivos. Conocer las experiencias y las expectativas de pacientes con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) y sus familiares sobre la relación que establecen con sus médicos y su influencia en la forma de afrontar la enfermedad y el tratamiento. Diseño. Diseño cualitativo a través de grupos focales realizado en 2001. Emplazamiento. Distintos centros sanitarios de Granada y Sevilla. Participantes. Pacientes con DM1, familiares y/o cuidadores. Método. Muestreo teórico con representación de los perfiles más característicos. Procedimiento de análisis cualitativo: asignación de códigos al texto, triangulación e interpretación de resultados. Resultados. La relación médico-paciente influye decisivamente en la vivencia emocional de la enfermedad y en la manera en que los pacientes asumen el control. Los pacientes entrevistados aseguran que la relación con sus médicos está centrada en los signos y los síntomas de la enfermedad, y que el aspecto emocional se deja de lado. Es frecuente que los profesionales basen su comunicación en la reprimenda y en la amenaza. Los tratamientos se imponen más que se consensúan, y las posibilidades de participación en las decisiones clínicas son escasas. En consecuencia, los pacientes desarrollan estrategias para tomar sus propias decisiones sobre el tratamiento adaptándolo a su vida. Conclusiones. Desean un modelo de relación con sus médicos en el que les escuchen, empaticen con su situación, comprendan los problemas que enfrentan para seguir el tratamiento, les transmitan ánimos y adapten sus recomendaciones a las circunstancias vitales y emocionales de cada paciente. Se prefiere a los profesionales que combinan la competencia técnica (incluida la dimensión relacional) con la humanidad y la amabilidad, y que asumen su corresponsabilidad en el éxito del tratamiento


Objectives. To know the experiences and expectations of diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) patients and their relatives as regards the relationships established with doctors, and the impact of such relationships on their strategies to cope with the disease and treatment. Design. Qualitative design based on focus groups conducted in 2001. Location. Several health care centres in Granada and Seville, Spain. Participants. DM1 patients and their relatives and/or carers. Method. Theory-based sampling including the most representative profiles. Qualitative analysis procedure: text coding, triangulation and interpretation of results. Results. Doctor/patient relationship highly influences the emotional experience of disease and the way patients gain control over it. Interviewed patients said that the relationship with doctors is focused on disease signs and symptoms, leaving emotional aspects aside. Very often, provider communication is built on recrimination and threat. Treatment is imposed rather than agreed, with scarce opportunities for participating in clinical decisions. Patients develop strategies to take their own decisions and adapting treatment to their daily life. Conclusions. Patients value a relationship model whereby providers listen and empathise with their situation, understand their difficulties in treatment compliance, encourage them, and adapt recommendations to the personal and emotional circumstances of each patient. They prefer doctors combining professional competence­including relational skills­with humanity and kindness, as well as being capable of assuming their co-responsibility in treatment success


Assuntos
Humanos , Relações Médico-Paciente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Satisfação do Paciente , Cooperação do Paciente
15.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 15(6): 314-320, nov. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042655

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer las opiniones y expectativas de las supervisoras de enfermería de hospitales andaluces respecto de la introducción de un nuevo modelo de gestión de los cuidados en el hospital y sobre el cambio que se les pide en sus funciones: de gestores de recursos a gestores de cuidados. Método. Se ha realizado un estudio cualitativo basado en grupos focales. El estudio se ha realizado en 2 hospitales universitarios del Servicio Andaluz de Salud, de entre 700 y 1.100 camas, situados en 2 provincias diferentes. Se desarrolló durante 2003. En cada uno de los hospitales se realizaron 8 grupos focales (16 en total) en los que participaron todas las supervisoras de los centros (132 personas). Resultados. Los resultados reflejan el grado desigual de implantación del nuevo modelo en los diferentes servicios, la falta de definición clara de su contenido y el carácter predominantemente estructural de las expectativas profesionales. Las principales demandas de estos cargos intermedios para facilitar el proceso de cambio son: saber con claridad qué se espera de ellos, mayor autonomía profesional, más participación en la toma de decisiones, más oportunidades de formación y más apoyo desde la dirección. Conclusiones. El rol profesional de las supervisoras está en proceso de transformación. La actitud mayoritaria hacia el cambio es positiva. La comunicación interna y la participación constituyen elementos imprescindibles para el avance del modelo


Aim. To determine the opinions and expectations of nursing supervisors in Andalusian hospitals (Spain) regarding the introduction of a new healthcare management model in hospitals and how it will affect their role, which will change from resource management to care management. Method. A qualitative study based on the use of focus groups was carried out. The study was performed in 2 University Hospitals of the Andalusian Health Service, with between 700 and 1100 beds, situated in 2 different provinces, in 2003. In each of the hospitals, 8 focus groups (16 in total) were carried out, in which all the centres' nursing supervisors participated (132 persons). Results. The results revealed an unequal degree of implantation of the new model in the distinct services, a lack of clear definition of contents, and the predominantly structural character of professional expectations. Mid-level managers reported that to make the transition from one model to another they needed to have a clearer idea of what exactly was expected of them, greater professional autonomy, greater participation in the decision-making process, more training opportunities, and increased support from upper-level managers. Conclusions. The professional role of nursing supervisors is currently undergoing a process of transformation. The majority of supervisors show a positive attitude toward this change. Internal communication and participation are essential elements for the model's progress


Assuntos
Humanos , Serviços de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Supervisão de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Organização e Administração , Cuidados de Enfermagem/tendências , Inovação Organizacional , Tomada de Decisões , Gestão em Saúde
16.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 15(4): 220-226, jul. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-039199

RESUMO

Objetivos. Conocer la opinión y vivencias de las cuidadoras, y las expectativas y demandas con respecto a los profesionales de enfermería que realizan las visitas domiciliarias. Método. Estudio cualitativo realizado en Andalucía en el año 1999. Participantes: mujeres cuidadoras de pacientes de cáncer en fase terminal, ancianos/as con demencia y enfermos terminales de sida. Estrategias para obtener información: entrevistas en profundidad y grupos de discusión. Análisis de contenido utilizando como marco de referencia el modelo de Virginia Henderson. Resultados. En los discursos de las cuidadoras se identificaron 6 tipos de cuidados realizados por las cuidadoras familiares: higiene, alimentación, eliminación, movilidad, realización de curas y administración de medicación. Las cuidadoras manifestaron su satisfacción con la competencia técnica y la comunicación de las enfermeras. Sin embargo, la valoración es deficiente con respecto a la frecuencia de las visitas domiciliarias y a la formación que reciben. Demandaron actividades formativas en técnicas específicas (curas, alimentación) y en actividades de prevención y promoción de salud (cambios posturales, ejercicios de movilidad). Conclusiones. La labor realizada por las cuidadoras supone una sobrecarga emocional y de trabajo que afrontan, en muchos casos, sin tener la competencia técnica adecuada. Para mejorar las visitas domiciliarias de enfermería se debe aumentar la frecuencia de éstas y la formación de las cuidadoras


Objectives. To determine informal caregivers' opinions and experiences of providing care and their expectations and needs concerning professional nurses who make home visits. Method. A qualitative study was carried out in 1999 in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. Participants: Female home-carers of terminally-ill patients with cancer or AIDS and elderly persons with dementia. Strategies for obtaining information: in-depth interviews and discussion groups. The content analysis used Virginia Henderson's model as a framework. Results. In the caregivers' statements, six types of care that they carried out related to hygiene, food, excretion, mobility, wound care, and medicine administration were identified. The caregivers were satisfied with professional nurses' technical and communication skills. However, their satisfaction with the number of visits and their own training was low. They requested training courses in specific skills (wound care, diet) and in prevention and health (postural changes, mobility exercises). Conclusions. The tasks carried out by the caregivers are physically and emotionally demanding, and caregivers frequently lack the required technical skills. To improve home care services, visits should be more frequent and caregivers' training should be up-graded


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Cuidadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Enfermagem Familiar/métodos , Assistência Terminal , Assistência Domiciliar , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/enfermagem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Doença Crônica/enfermagem , Demência/enfermagem , Neoplasias/enfermagem
17.
Enferm. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 14(6): 297-306, nov. 2004. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35936

RESUMO

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la satisfacción, las actitudes y las percepciones que las enfermeras andaluzas tienen respecto a la atención domiciliaria, con el propósito de aportar información que oriente las estrategias de cambio y mejora de la calidad de ésta. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante cuestionario autoadministrado a profesionales de enfermería que realizan atención domiciliaria en centros de salud de Andalucía. El tamaño de muestra fue de 348 sujetos, con una tasa de respuesta del 61,14 por ciento. Las principales mediciones han sido la satisfacción con la atención domiciliaria, las actitudes ante el paciente y familia, la percepción del rol profesional, el locus de control y la percepción sobre la capacitación. Resultados. El 71,5 por ciento (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 por ciento, 65,2-77,8) de las enfermeras están satisfechas con la atención domiciliaria, el 48 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 31-69) se muestran satisfechas con la atención a los pacientes con sida en fase terminal, y el 66 por ciento(IC del 95 por ciento, 59,1-72,9), el 90 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 86,5-94,5) y el 65 por ciento(IC del 95 por ciento, 57,8-72,2) lo están con la atención a pacientes con cáncer, alta precoz y demencia, respectivamente. Entre el 73,53 y el 80,77 por ciento están de acuerdo con que el papel de la familia es lo más importante para el bienestar del enfermo en pacientes con cáncer, demencia y sida. El 84,5 por ciento de las enfermeras perciben que se encuentran capacitadas para la prevención/promoción; el 78,5 por ciento, para los aspectos técnicos, y el 77 por ciento, para los aspectos psicosociales. Conclusiones. Los niveles de satisfacción de las enfermeras con el trabajo domiciliario son altos. Se valora positivamente la influencia de la familia en el bienestar del enfermo. Entienden que la atención a los enfermos en fase terminal (cáncer y sida) requiere apoyo desde la atención especializada. Dan gran importancia a la coordinación y comunicación entre el equipo de salud para una correcta atención a estos pacientes. Se perciben con mayores necesidades de formación en la atención a los pacientes con sida, así como en los aspectos psicosociales de su práctica profesional (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/tendências , Assistência Domiciliar/tendências , Satisfação no Emprego , Prática Profissional/tendências , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Relações Profissional-Família , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente
18.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 76(5): 613-25, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12422434

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A hot debate exists in our country as to the models of home care which must be developed. This study is aimed at ascertaining how the family caregivers of terminal cancer patients, of the elderly suffering from dementia and of individuals having undergone major operations in outpatient surgery programs rate the quality of the home care provided. METHODS: A phenomenological type qualitative study based on discussion groups (9), triangular groups (5) and in-depth interviews (22). This study was conducted in Andalusia throughout the 1999-2000 period. The subjects of the study were the main caregivers of patients provided with home care through the healthcare centers. The information must be analyzed by means of a Nudist-4 software-aided content analysis. The analysis variables were those of the Servqual model. RESULTS: For the caregivers of cancer patients, the most important aspects of the quality of the home care provided were the Response Capacity and Accessibility. This analysis revealed that the patients suffered pain but the pain was not controlled. Negative aspects hindering accessibility were the lack of home care coverage outside of regular working hours, the difficulty of getting in touch by phone, the length of time it takes for someone to come and the visits solely on request. The caregivers of patients having undergone major outpatient surgery want Security and Reliability. They complain of the short length of time within which the patients are released from the hospital and of the home care provided by the health care center. The caregivers of the elderly with dementia place top priority on being provided with the materials they need to take care of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers' and patients' expectations differ, depending on health problems, therefore, the type of home care provided should vary, according to the health problems involved. It is necessary to develop a flexible model, capable of adapting to different patient needs and the diverse circumstances that affect family caregivers.


Assuntos
Cuidadores/psicologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Assistência Domiciliar/psicologia , Software , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Espanha
19.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 76(5): 613-625, sept. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19291

RESUMO

Fundamento. Existe en nuestro país un vivo debate sobre los modelos de atención domiciliaria que se deben desarrollar. Este estudio pretende conocer cómo perciben la calidad de la atención domiciliaria los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer en fase terminal, ancianos con demencia y personas intervenidas en programadas de cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico basado en grupos de discusión (9), grupos triangulares (5) y entrevistas en profundidad (22). El estudio se realizó en Andalucía, durante los años 1999 y 2000. Los sujetos del estudio son los cuidadores principales de los pacientes que reciben atención domiciliaria desde los centros de salud. La información se ha analizado mediante análisis de contenido apoyado por el software NUDIST- 4. Las variables de análisis han sido las del modelo SERVQUAL. Resultados. Para las cuidadoras de pacientes con cáncer las dimensiones más importantes de la calidad de la atención domiciliaria son la Capacidad de Respuesta y la Accesibilidad. Elementos negativos que perjudican la accesibilidad son: la falta de cobertura de atención domiciliaria fuera del horario normal, la dificultad de contactar por teléfono, la tardanza en acudir y las visitas sólo a demanda. Las cuidadoras de pacientes intervenidos en cirugía mayor ambulatoria quieren Seguridad y la Fiabilidad. Las cuidadoras de ancianos con demencia consideran prioritario que se les proporcionen los materiales que necesitan para cuidar al enfermo. Conclusiones: Las expectativas de cuidadores y pacientes varían en función del problema de salud. Por lo tanto, las características de la atención domiciliaria tendrán que variar también en función de ello. Se hace necesario un modelo flexible que sea capaz de adaptarse a las necesidades de los diferentes tipos de pacientes y las circunstancias también distintas de sus cuidadores familiares (AU)


Background: A hot debate exists in our country as to the models of home care which must be developed. This study is aimed at ascertaining how the family caregivers of terminal cancer patients, of the elderly suffering from dementia and of individuals having undergone major operations in outpatient surgery programs rate the quality of the home care provided. Methods: A phenomenological type qualitative study based on discussion groups (9), triangular groups (5) and in-depth interviews (22). This study was conducted in Andalusia throughout the 1999-2000 period. The subjects of the study were the main caregivers of patients provided with home care through the healthcare centers. The information must be analyzed by means of a Nudist-4 software-aided content analysis. The analysis variables were those of the Servqual model. Results: For the caregivers of cancer patients, the most important aspects of the quality of the home care provided were the Response Capacity and Accessibility. This analysis revealed that the patients suffered pain but the pain was not controlled. Negative aspects hindering accessibility were the lack of home care coverage outside of regular working hours, the difficulty of getting in touch by phone, the length of time it takes for someone to come and the visits solely on request. The caregivers of patients having undergone major outpatient surgery want Security and Reliability. They complain of the short length of time within which the patients are released from the hospital and of the home care provided by the health care center. The caregivers of the elderly with dementia place top priority on being provided with the materials they need to take care of these patients. Conclusions: Caregivers' and patients' expectations differ, depending on health problems, therefore, the type of home care provided should vary, according to the health problems involved. It is necessary to develop a flexible model, capable of adapting to different patient needs and the diverse circumstances that affect family caregivers (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Software , Espanha , Cuidadores , Assistência Domiciliar
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